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Minouche Shafik

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Minouche Shafik in 2009

Nemat Talaat Shafik, Baroness Shafik, (Arab: نعمت طلعت شفيق) (lahir 13 Agustus 1962) lebih dikenal sebagai Minouche Shafik (Arab: مينوش شفيق), adalah seorang akademisi dan ekonom Inggris-Amerika. Dia telah menjabat sebagai presiden ke-20 dari Universitas Columbia sejak Juli 2023. Beliau sebelumnya menjabat sebagai presiden dan wakil rektor Sekolah Ekonomi dan Ilmu Politik London dari tahun 2017 hingga 2023.

Dari tahun 2014 to 2017, Shafik mengabdi sebagai deputi gubernur Bank Inggris dan sebelumnya sebagai sekretaris tetap Britania Raya Departemen Pembangunan Internasional dari tahun 2008 hingga 2011. Beliau juga pernah menjabat sebagai wakil presiden di Bank Dunia dan wakil direktur pelaksana Dana Moneter Internasional.

Kutipan

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  • Saya telah bekerja di banyak organisasi yang berbeda, dan hal ini membantu karena Anda sering melihat masalah yang sama di tempat lain. Sekarang, semua organisasi memiliki budaya dan sejarah yang berbeda, tetapi hal ini membantu karena Anda pernah melihat masalah yang serupa. Hal ini membuat Anda menyadari, "Mungkin saya bisa memecahkan masalah ini, atau mungkin ada cara untuk memecahkan teka-teki ini." Hal lainnya adalah saya pernah bekerja di beberapa organisasi yang mengelola krisis, seperti Dana Moneter Internasional, atau ketika saya bekerja di Departemen Pembangunan Internasional, kami mengelola banyak krisis kemanusiaan di seluruh dunia. Jadi, hal tersebut mengajarkan Anda untuk tetap tenang di bawah tekanan, dan saya menduga bahwa keterampilan tersebut akan berguna di tahun-tahun mendatang.
  • Teknologi karena telah mengubah pekerjaan dan banyak orang yang tidak diuntungkan. Mereka telah tertinggal. Mereka tidak memiliki keterampilan dan tidak berada di tempat yang tepat, akibatnya prospek mereka buruk. Dan seluruh kontrak sosial kita didasarkan pada wanita yang merawat orang tua dan muda secara gratis - sekarang ada lebih banyak wanita yang kuliah di universitas daripada pria, di seluruh dunia, tidak hanya di Inggris, dan mereka dipekerjakan, dan biaya yang harus ditanggung jika mereka tidak bekerja sangat tinggi, jadi Anda ingin mereka bekerja. Namun kami belum menemukan cara untuk menyesuaikan diri - cara untuk merawat kaum muda dan tua tanpa perempuan yang menyediakan tenaga kerja gratis.
  • Saya tidak pernah memiliki rencana jangka panjang. Menurut saya, karier tidak seperti menaiki tangga - lebih seperti memanjat pohon. Berfokus untuk menaiki anak tangga berikutnya adalah sebuah kesalahan. Terkadang saat Anda memanjat pohon, jalurnya tidak linear - Anda mungkin bergerak ke samping, yang kemudian membantu Anda naik ke tingkat berikutnya.
  • Tidaklah baik untuk mengesampingkan kesopanan karena situasi yang terlalu panas. Kita harus mengembangkan budaya universitas yang mendorong kekuatan yang berusaha memecah belah kita. Budaya yang mendorong empati, bukan serangan pribadi terhadap individu atau identitas. Belajar untuk berbicara dan mendengarkan dengan hormat, itulah nilai Columbia yang dihargai.
  • We are living in a time of great divisions in our societies – between rich and poor, amongst different races and religions, and across fundamental values and principles. We see the rise of truculent nationalism and troubling fault lines in democracies across the world at a time when our most pressing challenges—such as climate change—require more international agreement. We are on the cusp of many technological revolutions in fields like artificial intelligence, neuroscience, quantum and nano technologies. At the same time, we are aging rapidly and coping with mental health challenges and worsening wellbeing.
  • So let us forge a new social contract with society and with each other that will make us an exemplar of a great university in the 21st century. We will construct this on a foundation built by the wisdom of our past and forge new frontiers of scholarship and service. The legacy of the Columbians who came before will live on through us, as our legacy will live on through future generations, nurtured by the commitments we reaffirm here today.

Universitas harus terlibat dalam pencarian jiwa yang serius tentang protes (9 Mei 2024)

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Sumber: [1]

  • Ketika saya dilantik sebagai presiden ke-20 Columbia pada tanggal 4 Oktober 2023, saya menyerukan untuk memperkuat ikatan antara universitas dan masyarakat melalui komitmen ulang terhadap kontribusi akademisi untuk kebaikan bersama. Kengerian dari serangan Hamas tiga hari kemudian, perang yang terjadi dengan Israel dan hilangnya nyawa warga sipil secara tragis di Gaza telah menguji ikatan tersebut dengan cara yang tak terbayangkan. Saya telah melihat kampus diliputi ketegangan dan perpecahan yang diperdalam oleh kekuatan eksternal yang kuat.
  • Gelombang protes, perkemahan, dan pengambilalihan gedung telah menyebar ke seluruh AS dan seluruh dunia. Apa pun pendapat orang tentang tanggapan para pemimpin universitas - mengecam retorika yang menyakitkan, menegakkan aturan dan disiplin, dan memanggil polisi untuk memulihkan ketertiban - ini adalah tindakan, bukan solusi. Kita semua yang percaya pada pendidikan tinggi sekarang harus terlibat dalam pencarian jiwa yang serius tentang mengapa hal ini terjadi. Hanya dengan demikian universitas dapat pulih dan mulai menyadari potensi mereka untuk menyembuhkan dan menyatukan.
  • Dari sudut pandang saya, ada dua masalah yang dipertaruhkan. Pertama, kita harus melakukan pekerjaan yang lebih baik dalam mendefinisikan batas-batas antara hak-hak kebebasan berbicara dari satu bagian dari komunitas kita dan hak-hak orang lain untuk mendapatkan pendidikan di tempat yang bebas dari diskriminasi dan pelecehan.
  • Kebebasan berbicara adalah dasar dari penyelidikan dan keunggulan akademis. Ancaman yang dihadapinya adalah nyata - banyak tempat yang melarang buku, kurikulum terkadang ditentukan oleh para politisi dan bukan oleh para ahli pendidikan, dan para cendekiawan menghadapi risiko yang serius di banyak negara.
  • Bagi saya, pelajarannya jelas. Jika perguruan tinggi dan universitas tidak dapat mendefinisikan dengan lebih baik batas-batas antara kebebasan berbicara dan diskriminasi, pemerintah akan bergerak untuk mengisi kesenjangan tersebut, dan dengan cara-cara yang tidak selalu melindungi kebebasan akademik. Seperti halnya para pendahulu kita yang memperjuangkan desegregasi dan penerimaan perempuan, kita perlu menciptakan lingkungan pendidikan di mana kita melawan segala bentuk prasangka, termasuk terhadap orang Arab, Yahudi, dan Muslim.
  • Daripada merobek-robek diri kita sendiri, universitas harus membangun kembali ikatan di dalam diri kita sendiri dan antara masyarakat dan akademi berdasarkan nilai-nilai yang kita anut dan apa yang kita lakukan dengan sebaik-baiknya: pendidikan, penelitian, pengabdian, dan pelibatan publik.

A Message from President Minouche Shafik (8 May 2024)

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Source: A Message from President Minouche Shafik

  • Over the last few months, we have been patient in tolerating unauthorized demonstrations, including the encampment. Our academic leaders spent eight days engaging over long hours in serious dialogue in good faith with protest representatives. I thank them for their tireless effort. The University offered to consider new proposals on divestment and shareholder activism, to review access to our dual degree programs and global centers, to reaffirm our commitment to free speech, and to launch educational and health programs in Gaza and the West Bank. Some other universities have achieved agreement on similar proposals. Our efforts to find a solution went into Tuesday evening, but regrettably, we were unable to come to resolution.
  • Columbia has a long and proud tradition of protest and activism on many important issues such as the Vietnam War, civil rights, and the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa. Today’s protesters are also fighting for an important cause, for the rights of Palestinians and against the humanitarian tragedy in Gaza. They have many supporters in our community and have a right to express their views and engage in peaceful protest.
  • It is going to take time to heal, but I know we can do that together. I hope that we can use the weeks ahead to restore calm, allow students to complete their academic work, and honor their achievements at Commencement.
  • We also must continue with urgency our ongoing dialogue on the important issues that have been raised in recent months, especially the balance between free speech and discrimination and the role of a university in contributing to better outcomes in the Middle East. Both are topics where I hope Columbia can lead the way in new thinking that will make us the epicenter, not just of protests, but of solutions to the world’s problems.

Statement from Columbia University President Minouche Shafik (29 April 2024)

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Source: Statement from Columbia University President Minouche Shafik

  • Our values—as well as our duties under civil rights laws—compel us to condemn hate and to protect every member of our community from harassment and discrimination. Antisemitic language and actions are unacceptable and calls for violence are simply abhorrent.
  • I know that many of our Jewish students, and other students as well, have found the atmosphere intolerable in recent weeks. Many have left campus, and that is a tragedy. To those students and their families, I want to say to you clearly: You are a valued part of the Columbia community. This is your campus too. We are committed to making Columbia safe for everyone, and to ensuring that you feel welcome and valued.
  • Additionally, the University offered to convene a faculty committee to address academic freedom and to begin a discussion on access and financial barriers to academic programs and global centers. The University also offered to make investments in health and education in Gaza, including supporting early childhood development and support for displaced scholars. There are important ideas that emerged from this dialogue, and we plan to explore pursuing them in the future.
  • But we must take into account the rights of all members of our community. The encampment has created an unwelcoming environment for many of our Jewish students and faculty.

2023 Convocation Address (27 August 2023)

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Source: [2]

  • Like you, I am new to this campus, having started as Columbia’s 20th president in July. And I say as someone who has experienced change once or twice in my life, beginnings are exciting, and hard, and everything in between. They introduce us to new people and ideas, challenge us to adapt to new situations, and open our eyes to new ways of thinking about the world and our place within it.
  • Universities and institutions of higher education have existed for millennia, stretching back to the schools of the ancients in places like China, Egypt, Greece, and India. There is something special, even magical, about the tradition of students and scholars coming together to create these unique environments of learning.
  • Today, the critical questions we ask include, “What are you going to do with the training you’ve acquired?” and “How are you going to use the research you’ve conducted for the betterment of society?” Look behind me at the inscription on Low Library which says we want to be an institution that is “cherished by generation after generation for the advancement of the public good.

Speech at COP27 opening ceremony (7 November 2022)

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Source: LSE Director Minouche Shafik gives speech at COP27 opening ceremony

  • I am honoured to speak today in the country of my birth, a country that has been a cradle of human civilization for millennia, on a topic that will determine the future of human civilization and whether it lasts for more millennia. I am an economist who has worked on development and environment issues for several decades and I wanted to speak to you about the economy of the future.
  • But before doing that, let me start with a story from the past. Over 3000 years ago a different kind of climate change caused by volcanic eruptions and changing weather patterns resulted in persistent droughts that caused famines and political unrest in ancient Egypt. The pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty such as Cleopatra went to great lengths to adapt – transferring grain from productive regions to drought plagued areas, opening up grain stores, crossbreeding cattle to develop more heat resistant animals, and providing tax relief. These foresighted efforts managed to prolong the Egyptian empire for a half century longer but ultimately one of the greatest empires the world has ever known collapsed because of the effects of climate change. The difference between then and now is that we are the cause of today’s climate change, and we have the means to stop it by changing our economy.
  • What could the economy of the future look like? We have a choice. It could be one based on familiar technologies, markets and institutions. We could continue with polluted air and water where our children suffer from respiratory diseases; where our economies are struck by frequent shocks caused by unpredictable weather events which cause catastrophic losses; where people have to move across borders as their livelihoods are destroyed by rising sea levels or persistent droughts and rising temperatures; and one where the natural world continues to diminish.
  • I can also paint a different picture of the economy of the future. One in which we make the needed investments and created cities in which we can move, breathe, and thrive. One in which the food we eat regenerates the earth rather than depletes it. Where our economies continue to grow and especially in poor countries, living standards continue to rise, where this growth is greener, more stable and where human well-being is enhanced through co-existence with nature.
  • We know we are in difficult economic times with war, recession, and inflation. Where will the money for this investment come from? In tough times, we need to use our limited resources most efficiently. Given the history of climate change, we need an appropriate balance between responsibility and resources.
  • Africa is responsible for only 1% of emissions but will be the hardest hit by climate change. That cannot be right. At the same time, many African countries are rich in sunshine, wind, rivers and forests. With support, they could leapfrog the dirty energy systems of the past and, if we create a better carbon market, provide a huge source of income for countries rich in carbon sinks.
  • So, the economy of the future is our choice. We face a classic intertemporal investment problem – incur some investment costs now with high returns later or opt for inaction or not enough action but incur very high costs and risks later. Even if you do not take into account future generations (which makes these arguments much, much stronger), it seems to me the choice is clear. Climate change and biodiversity loss are here, and we are already suffering the consequences. Unlike the Pharaohs, we can overcome this climate change by choosing a different kind of economy for the future.

Think Global, Act local (24 October 2016)

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Source: speech by Minouche Shafik

  • The benefits of open capital markets are clear. They facilitate the flow of finance to where it would be most productive and help ensure global resources are allocated most efficiently. They allow savers and investors to diversify portfolios beyond national borders, and they provide a greater range of funding sources to fast growing economies and businesses
  • The most obvious way to take international considerations into account is by treating risks emanating from abroad as an important input when setting domestic macroprudential policy.
  • Reciprocity also helps address the old problem of asymmetric adjustment of global imbalances. Suppose a deficit country wishes to contain the supply of credit and build resilience in its financial system by raising the buffer. If a surplus country whose banks are lending to the deficit country reciprocates, its banks should be incentivised to lend less to the deficit economy, and more to their domestic economy. That should increase domestic demand in the surplus country, and hence demand for deficit country exports, reducing the overall level of imbalances.
  • The growth of market-based finance and asset management is creating new sources of funding, adding welcome diversity to the financial system, particularly for emerging markets. And in some ways these flows are less risky – for example the average maturity of international securities issued by emerging markets is 10 years, reducing rollover risk and exposure to a sudden flight of capital.
  • There are many ways in which co-operation on macro-prudential policies could be deepened further. Options which could warrant further investigation range from formalising the exchange of information, to frameworks for reciprocity for tools beyond the countercyclical capital buffer, to common stress test scenarios and risk assessment that are used across the world.

Kutipan tentang Minouche Shafik

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  • Mengarahkan Universitas Columbia melalui perairan berombak protes mahasiswa anti-Israel tidak akan pernah mudah bagi Minouche Shafik, seorang anggota Majelis Rendah Inggris yang mengambil alih jabatan sebagai presiden universitas di New York setelah periode yang relatif tenang dalam menjalankan London School of Economics.[..] Keputusan Shafik untuk memanggil polisi untuk membubarkan perkemahan protes mahasiswa di halaman universitas membuat kaget banyak orang di kedua belah pihak yang bertikai. Para pengunjuk rasa dan pendukung mereka di kalangan civitas akademika mengeluhkan kebrutalan polisi dan penargetan para pegiat pro-Palestina, sementara para pembela Israel menuduh Shafik gagal bertindak cukup cepat.

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